The changes could help banks avoid more write-downs on troubled mortgage-backed bonds.
Under intense pressure from Congress, accounting rule makers on Thursday voted to give banks more discretion in valuing dicey assets.
The changes to so-called mark-to-market accounting standards could help banks avoid more write-downs on troubled mortgage-backed bonds. Banks also could decide to boost the value of those assets on their balance sheets, which could bolster their finances -- allaying concerns about the need to raise more capital.upport for acquisition accounting including SOP 03-3, FAS 91, FAS 114
Critics say the changes raise the risk that banks will cook their books, understating what they could lose on mortgage bonds and other securities.
In a series of votes, the Financial Accounting Standards Board said banks would, in effect, now have more leeway in deciding that the market value of certain depressed securities was incorrect, allowing the banks to set a higher value on the investments.
The perceived market value of those securities has been severely depressed, in part by ballooning defaults on the underlying mortgages but also because investors have simply shied away from trading the securities, making them difficult to price.
Banks have asserted that many of the securities will pay decent returns in time, and that it was misleading to carry them on the books at prices they would fetch in desperation market sales.
FASB said banks could base their accounting for assets on prices that would be received in "an orderly transaction," rather than at distressed prices. But the board also said banks couldn't completely ignore distressed market prices in their calculations.
Investor groups that opposed the changes, however, have warned of the potential for banks to be too sunny in setting asset values.
They also said Congress' pressure on FASB set a dangerous precedent.
The Investors' Working Group, a panel of experts sponsored by the Council of Institutional Investors, said the political heat on FASB was "unacceptable and very troubling."
But some banks sought to dispel the idea that they would immediately mark up depressed assets.
Citigroup Inc. said the FASB decision "will have no impact" on the bank's financial statements "or our existing practices for determining fair value." Bank of America Corp. chief Ken Lewis told CNBC that any boost to earnings from the shift would be a matter of pennies per share.
Still, some analysts said major banks were certain to benefit from having more discretion in valuing troubled securities.
"It may not have an [immediate] effect on earnings, but it certainly will on capital levels," said Robert Willens, who heads tax advisory firm Robert Willens LLC in New York.
Others, however, said investors would recognize if banks were suddenly overly optimistic about valuing certain assets, and would assess the companies' earnings and balance sheets more critically.
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